THE ROLE OF STATE AND NON-STATE ACTORS IN ENSURING RELIGIOUS SECURITY IN UKRAINE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Abstract

B a c k g r o u n d . This article examines the role of state and non-state actors in ensuring religious security in Ukraine through a comparative analysis. Religious security is an essential aspect of national security, as religious conflicts can significantly impact social stability and state sovereignty. Given Ukraine's religious diversity and external geopolitical challenges, effective management of religious affairs is critical for maintaining peace and national cohesion. The research focuses on the interaction between government institutions, religious organizations, and civil society in addressing religioussecurity issues.

M e t h o d s . The study employs a comparative and interdisciplinary approach, integrating historical, legal, and sociological perspectives to assess how different countries handle religious security. Key findings highlight that state involvement in religious affairs must balance the principles of religious freedom and national security. While the Ukrainian state remains secular, it plays a crucial role in regulating religious organizations, preventing their exploitation for political or extremist purposes, and maintaining legal oversight to ensure equal treatment of all confessions.

R e s u l t s . Furthermore, the study examines the challenges of religious security in Ukraine, including interconfessional tensions, the transition of parishes between denominations, and the influence of external religious-political forces. The experience of other nations, such as France, the United States, and Poland, provides valuable insights into effective models of religious security management. Recommendations include refining legal frameworks, strengthening state oversight while respecting religious freedoms, and fostering interfaith dialogue.

C o n c l u s i o n s . By addressing these issues, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of religious security as a dynamic factor in Ukraine’s social and political stability. It underscores the importance of coordinated efforts between state authorities, religious institutions, and civil society to uphold religious peace while safeguarding national interests.