THE IDEA OF JUSTICE IN PLATO'S PHILOSOPHY

Abstract

B a c k g r o u n d . The fundamental value component of human existence, such as justice, is being actualized in today's globalized world. The value basis of human life became the aspiration to justice of various statesmen, both now and in the historical past. Thinkers of different eras dreamed about it and tried to determine its essence. The concept of justice is multifaceted and multiaspect, it is a regulator of the fundamental foundations of social development. In this context, a historical and philosophical attempt to find the sense of justice in the problems of the development of human society is appropriate. In its essence, Plato's ethical justice is related to the constitution of the state, which is the most important form of organizing social existence.

The purpose of the article is to identify the main moral and ethical values of justice in work by "The Republic" as a regulator of social existence.

M e t h o d s . The functional method when interpreting the role of the state in the formation of moral and ethical values inherent in the concept of "justice" was applied to implement the research tasks. Content analysis was used when analyzing dialogues on the idea of justice in society. Historical and logical, as well as retrospective, which provided the disclosure of the interconnections and relationships of the basic components of the socio-philosophical dimension of justice.

R e s u l t s . The nature of justice and injustice is revealed in the "state," or in its "individual citizen." Valuable becomes the behavioural mechanism that must be implemented by the rulers of the modern Russian Federation, the aggressor country. A just person does not allow others to interfere with each other, but arranges his own inner life, is his own master and his own law, and is also at peace with himself. Injustice should be a struggle of three principles: aggression, interference, and rebellion of a part of the soul against the whole, the assertion of illegal power. In the state of the future, rulers need to create a life that is different and better than the life of an ordinary ruler in order to govern effectively.

C o n c l u s i o n s . Justice for Plato is a state of social harmony in which everyone performs their own function, without trying to "encroach" on the functions of others. This is the ideal that should be strived for both in society and in the soul of the individual, thus ensuring well-being and order. It is, in its essence, a reflection of the idea of order in the world, both in the social and individual dimensions. Plato saw the main reason for destroying social customs and attitudes in the "ownership instincts of people." The search for the foundations of coexistence of the rich and the poor, minimizing conflicts, is possible through the coordination of needs, interests, and values, which leads to social harmony of all segments of the population, especially warriors and rulers. Plato's understanding of justice allows for inequality in power and privileges without calling suchinequality unjust. Plato's understanding of the implementation of justice prerequisite the existence of the state, its activities are based on moral and ethical values.